Abstract: Large language models（such as GPT）have brought unprecedented breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence. In this article, we briefly introduce large language models, and illustrate how such models have been applied in each stage of social science research, including literature review, theory formation, research design, data collection, and data analysis. We envision new research paradigms brought by large language models, and new challenges faced by social science researchers.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Large language models, GPT（Generative Pretrained Transformer）, Social science, Research methods, Research paradigm