图书情报知识 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 6-29.doi: 10.13366/j.dik.2022.01.006

• 特约稿 • 上一篇    下一篇

数字人文的研究范式与平台建设

刘圣婴,王丽华,刘炜,刘倩倩   

  • 出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2022-03-18

Research Paradigm and Platform Construction of Digital Humanities

  • Online:2022-01-10 Published:2022-03-18

摘要: [目的/意义]数字人文的兴起正在带来人文研究的范式变革,数字人文平台作为向各学科人文学者提供研究素材的基础设施,同时也是数字化研究方法的承载者,平台建设的推动能够丰富数字人文的方法论体系,促成一种新的数字人文研究范式的确立。[研究设计/方法]考察了数字人文的特点,提出了数字人文研究的范式框架;结合目前国内数字人文年会上展示的项目与论文成果,讨论了中文数字人文资源平台的建设问题,着重研究了功能需求和发展趋势;最后,以上海图书馆正在开发中的“历史人文大数据平台”为案例,阐述了这些思考成果的具体应用。[结论/发现]具体将数字人文平台分为文献层、数据层、接口层、工具层和展现层等层次结构,使其各司其职且相互依存。针对中文数字人文的方法学特点,归纳了平台的不同类型,并对如何具备系统先进性、资源完整性、功能完备性、工具丰富性与用户友好性提出了设计原则。[创新/价值]提出了由技术、过程和行为构成的数字人文研究范式,在数字人文平台中将这三个方面与人文资源相结合,成为数字人文研究基础设施的基本组成;对于数字人文平台建设则提出,除了需要关注技术架构之外,还需要将以领域知识为特征的内容架构单独提取进行设计和实现,并探讨了以语义技术(知识图谱)进行实现的基本做法。


关键词: 数字人文, 研究范式, 平台建设, 方法论共同体, 数字学术, 基础设施建设

Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] Digital humanities platform, as an component of infrastructure which provides study materials for humanities scholars in various disciplines, is the carrier of digital research methods. It can contribute to the enrichment of digital humanities methodological system and the establishment of a new research paradigm of digital humanities. [Design/Methodology] This paper investigated the characteristics of digital humanities, and proposed a paradigmatic framework for humanities research.With the consideration of the projects and papers presented in domestic digital humanities annual meetings, the construction of the Chinese digital humanities resource platforms was discussed, which emphasized the functional requirements and development trends. Finally, by taking the Digital Humanities Platform of Shanghai Library as an example, applications of the thoughts and ideas were illustrated. [Findings/Conclusion] The digital humanities platform is divided into literature layer, data layer, interface layer, tool layer and presentation layer. According to the methodological characteristics of Chinese digital humanities, this paper summarizes different types of platforms. It also puts forward some design principles on how digital humanities platforms can have advanced systems, complete resources, comprehensive functions, abundant tools and user-friendliness. [Originality/Value] This paper proposes a research paradigm of digital humanities consisting of technology, process and behavior. In the digital humanities platforms, the combination of the three aspects with humanities resources are the basic components of the digital humanities research infrastructure. In addition to the focus on the technical architecture, it is also necessary toextract the content architecture featured by domain knowledge specially for design and implementation. Besides, the best practices of implementation with semantic technology(knowledge graph)have been discussed.


Key words: Digital humanities, Research paradigm, Platform construction, Methodological commons, Digital academy , Infrastructure construction