关键词: [Purpose/Significance] The polarization of the public opinion has long been a persistent and deepening social problem, which has intensified the process of group confrontation and social division. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study polarization phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective. [Design/Methodology] The study conducted a literature survey on previous public opinion polarization,and starting with the basic theory, uses indicators and models to explore the formation mechanism and development of polarization. [Findings/Conclusion] Polarization is the result of the superposition of individual, group, and systematic biases, which can be measured from the level of content characteristics and structural characteristics, its internal mechanism can be explored based on the model built by the theory of prejudice assimilation, structural balance or characteristic diffusion, in addition, the governance of polarization phenomenon should be started from the perspective of macro-system planning and implement specific meso-level digital space construction and micro-level intervention methods. [Originality/Value] A "Theory-Indicators-Model" research system integrating multi-field perspectives and interdisciplinary concepts has been constructed to provide a clear theoretical reference for the other studies in public opinion polarization.

Abstract: 舆论场；观点极化；舆论动力学；偏见；社交媒体

Key words: Public opinion, Opinion polarization, Opinion dynamics, Bias, Social media