图书情报知识 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 47-59.doi: 10.13366/j.dik.2021.06.047

• 学术聚焦·细粒度引文分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于引文的科学文献定量评价: 引文影响力指标评述

步一,许家伟,黄文彬   

  • 出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2022-01-13

Citation-based Quantitative Evaluations on Scientific Publications: A Literature Review on Citation based Impact Indicators

  • Online:2021-11-10 Published:2022-01-13

摘要: [目的/意义]基于引文的科学文献定量评价是图书情报学和科研管理领域的重要研究内容。然而目前存在的诸多引文影响力评估指标,其提出背景、应用范围、优势与局限等问题并未被清晰梳理,有必要对国内外引文影响力指标进行评述。[研究设计/方法] 主要使用文献调研法,先阐释引文影响力指标的理论基础与实践基础,再从基本引文影响力指标、基于计数的指标和基于网络的指标三方面评述已有的引文影响力指标。[结论/发现] 已有指标有诸多理论与实践基础,且主要基于计数或网络进行计算,其中基于网络的指标正在向测度科学文献的创新性方向演进。然而,目前的相关研究存在缺乏指标评估、忽视指标计算的复杂度与数据可获取性、使用数据较为局限等问题。[创新/价值]本文认为,基于引文的科学文献定量评价需要向精确性、易计算性和指标的可解释性等方面努力。

关键词: 学术影响力, 被引量, 文献计量学, 科学计量学, 科研评价, 综述

Abstract: [Purpose/Significance]Citation-based quantitative evaluations on scientific publications are significant research contents in the fields of library and information science as well as scientific research management. Previous studies have proposed many citation-based impact indicators, but there is no clear illustration of their backgrounds, appllicable scope, advantages and limitations. So it is necessary to review the existing citation-based impact indicators both in China and abroad.[Design/Methodology]Through literature research method, this paper explained the theoretical and practical foundations of  citation-based impact indicators. Then it made comments on the existing citation-based impact indicators from three aspects, which are basic citation-based impact indicators, count-based indicators, and network-based indicators.[Findings/Conclusion]There are a lot of theoretical and practical foundations for existing indicators, which are either count-based or network-based. Network-based indicators are evolving into the innovative direction of scientific literature measurement. However, there are several problems existing in current studies, including lack of indicator evaluation, neglect of computational complexity and data accessibility, and limitations of the used datasets.[Originality/Value]Future citation-based quantitative evaluations on scientific publications need improvement in accuracy, computability, and interpretability of indicators.

Keywords: Academic impact, Citations, Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Scientific research evaluation, Review