Abstract: ［Purpose/Significance］Based on the analysis of social needs and obstacles for the implementation of open science, this paper aims to explore the path of policy environment construction for open science, and then provide reference for the policy construction of open science in China. ［Design/Methodology］By using the methods of literature research, content analysis and case investigation, this paper sort out the research and practice development of open science, analyzed the connotation and international development of open science, identified the obstacles to the implementation of open science, and put forward strategies for its development. ［Findings/Conclusion］It has been found that academic incentive mechanism, technological infrastructure, legal risk and research culture are the important obstacle factors which have influence on the implementation of open science.［Originality/Value］With the consideration of economic and social realities in China, this paper proposes strategies for optimizing the policy environment of open science development in China from the aspects of academic recognition and incentive system, infrastructure improvement, legal framework, standards establishment and enhancement of interaction between science and society.

Key words: Open science, Open access, Open data, Policy construction