Abstract: ［Purpose/Significance］It is very important and necessary to study the approaches of data sharing in public health emergencies for promoting data sharing and cooperation among agents and improving the prevention and control abilities of public health emergencies. ［Design/Methodology］With text analysis, data sharing scenarios, sharing subjects, sharing contents and flows, sharing characteristics, and sharing conditions mentioned in the relevant laws and policies in both China and the USA were analyzed. ［Findings/Conclusion］The status and similarities and differences of data sharing approaches of public health emergencies between China and the United States were discovered,and recommendations were proposed to improve the data sharing system of public health emergencies in China from four aspects, including establishing permanent public health emergency command institutions and emergency management system, establishing a vertical management monitoring and proactive warning system and a quick-response system, establishing a sound data sharing system, and strengthening international data sharing and system cooperation.［Originality/Value］This paper provides a reference for agents to carry out data sharing in a systematic way and improve the prevention and control abilities of public health emergencies.

Key words: Public health emergency, Data sharing, Data sharing approach, Comparison between China and the USA