Abstract: ［Purpose/Significance］In the context of data factorization, investigating data factorization and the marketization of data factors is beneficial for library and information science to actively adapt to this transformation.［Design/Methodology］Through summarizing the development process from data to data factors, and analyzing the problems and new trends of data factorization and factor marketization, this study explored the opportunities and challenges for the development of library and information science.［Findings/Conclusion］The development from data to data factors has experienced five stages; Currently, data factorization and factor marketization face four major problems, including unclear boundary of rights, inconsistency of classification, difficulties in value measurement, and flawed circulation mechanism; Meanwhile, there are three major development directions, which are data market cultivation, data ownership confirmation and data value assessment. Thus, library and information science is facing four opportunities, which are governance, mangagement, quality control and market cultivation of data factor, while confronting the challenges of discipline development, discipline connotation, talent cultivation and so on.
［Originality/Value］A systematic review and summarization of current research on data factors has been conducted, and opportunities and challenges for the development of  library and information science have also been proposed.

Key words: Data factor, Data factor market, Library science, Information science