Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to systematically investigate and analyze  open access actions of multiple subjects in the context of major public health emergencies, and summarize experience and deficiencies, which will provide references for their decision-making optimization. [Design/Methodology] Combined with literature research and online survey, the paper defines the types of open access actors of scientific communication system in typical major public health emergencies, and analyzes their open access actions in recent years, including joint initiatives and special measures. [Findings/Conclusion] The results reveal that the scale and response speed of open access actors, collaboration scope and form, open resource types, and openness forms have been gradually optimized. Based on the existing actions and experience,  the development strategies are proposed for open access within major public health emergencies in the future including that the balance between social responsibility and main interests should be advocated in concept, the intellectual property rights and personal information protection specifications should be strengthened in terms of institutional guarantee, the availability of resources should be enhanced and the preprint review mechanism should be improved in terms of quality control, and the adaptation of regular supplies to emergency services must be ensured in terms of mode coordination. [Originality/Value] The paper focuses on major public health emergencies, and systematically analyzes the open access actions and strategies of multiple subjects in scientific communication system.

Key words: Open access, Major public health emergencies, Scientific communication system