Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] This paper puts forward the proposition of comprehensively promoting the new development of China's library industry with Chinese modernization, and addresses this proposition from the perspective of modernization based on the huge-scale population . [Design/Methodology] We analyze and discuss the issues from four dimensions: Chinese modernization and modernization with a huge population, the characteristics of modernization with a huge-scale population, the planning of the new development of library modernization based on a huge population, and the realizing of the new promotion of higher quality of libraries with a huge population.  [Findings/Conclusion] The modernization with a huge-scale population reflects the developmental idea of being people-centered, the cultural pursuit of common prosperity in spiritual life and the primary task of high-quality development on the new journey of the new era; the modernization with a huge-scale population in China is characterized by urbanization, aging population, the largest number of Internet users and the largest number of mobile phone Internet users, and a huge number of floating population. This provides opportunities for comprehensively promoting the new development of China's library industry through Chinese modernization [Originality/Value] New ideas and new measures to comprehensively promote the new development of China's library with Chinese modernization, includding focusing on the library development strategy for populations of varying sizes（large, medium, and small）; focusing on the all age friendly spatial layout and content provision; focusing on the multi-directional march of physical space, network space and social space; focusing on building smart library system that benefits all readers, improving the massive service efficiency based on a large number of Internet users, and innovating and developing rich and high-quality library service supply.

Key words: Chinese modernization, Public library industry, Huge-scale population, All age friendly, Smart library system