Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] Public data operation has increasingly become one of the key focuses of promoting the reform of data elements, and it is crucial to build a scientific and reasonable institutional system. [Design/Methodology] This article summarizes the five key issues faced in public data operation work, using the guiding ideology of "returning data to people" and analyzing and researching from the perspectives of developers, applications, collaborators, contributors, and regulators. [Findings/Conclusion] This paper proposes a data authorization model combining unified and decentralized management, a continuous rolling data source activation mechanism, a cross-level and cross-regional data coordination mechanism, a data revenue distribution mechanism of comprehensive regulation, and a data operation supervision mechanism of collaborative governance. [Originality/Value] The institutional design ideas proposed in this article play an important role in improving the institutional system of public data operation.

Key words: Public data, Authorization operation, Data element market, Authorization mechanism, Collaboration mechanism