Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] The international exchange and donation of publications has an important function in reducing information asymmetry, promoting bilateral political trust and cultural identity, and its influence mechanism on OFDI（Outward Foreign Direct Investment）has received the attention of all walks of life. [Design/Methodology] Taking the data from 2008 to 2020 of overseas book donation and exchange of the National Library of China and China's outward foreign direct investment as samples, this paper constructs an econometric model of the impact of international exchange and donation of publications on OFDI, and explores the impact of international exchange and donation of publications on China's OFDI in countries of "One Belt and One Road". [Findings/Conclusion] The international exchange and donation of Chinese publications can significantly promote the growth of Chinese OFDI, and for every 1% increase in international exchange and donation of publications, the OFDI from China to host countries increases by 0.128% and 0.096%. The international exchange and donation of Chinese publications help expand the number of foreign students coming to China, improve cultural identity, promote bilateral economic and trade ties, and play a mediating effect of attracting OFDI inflow. [Originality/Value] The mechanism of promoting foreign economic cooperation and exchange from the perspective of library resources is explored, which enriches the depth of research on the relationship between cultural export and OFDI.