图书情报知识 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 63-76.doi: 10.13366/j.dik.2021.05.063

• 学术聚焦·实现积极老龄化的图情思考 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人阅读的异质性动机——基于生产性老龄化视角的解读

梁兴堃,贺梦洁,陈琰,赵忻怡   

  • 出版日期:2021-09-10 发布日期:2021-11-11

Heterogeneous Reading Motivation of the Older Adults: From the Perspective of Productive Aging

  • Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-11-11

摘要: [目的/意义]目前关于老年人公共文化服务的研究基础依然薄弱,相关研究主要关注老年人的信息需求,而忽视了老年人的自我发展和自我实现。本研究以老年人阅读为切入点,结合“生产性老龄化”理论框架,验证适合我国50岁及以上人群的公共文化活动参与动机量表以探究老年人参与公共文化服务的内在驱动力及其特殊性。[研究设计/方法] 利用参与动机量表,对三所老年大学的394位、年龄在50岁及以上的学员的阅读行为和阅读动机开展问卷调查,通过探索性因子分析深入挖掘老年人阅读动机,并采用基于稳健标准误的logistic回归对样本的阅读动机和阅读行为的关系进行了分析并检验了老年人阅读动机的异质性。[结论/发现] 50岁及以上人群的阅读动机有四个维度,包括成就和自我实现、应对挑战、习得知识、社会交往。同时,年龄越大,参与阅读的概率越高。此外,老年人(65岁及以上)的阅读动机具有异质性。在严格控制各控制变量固定效应的基础上,发现50岁及以上人群的阅读行为主要受“习得知识”动机的正向影响;而老年人的阅读动机不再是“习得知识”,而是与“应对挑战”负相关:“应对挑战”得分高一分,老年人阅读的概率会降低48.87%。这说明我国老年人希望通过阅读来应对老年生活的挑战,但却遇到了现实困难。[创新/价值]从生产性老龄化视角出发,验证了适合我国老年人的参与动机量表,发现了50岁及以上人群阅读的多维动机,为老年人公共文化服务研究提供了新思路,也为后续研究提供了可靠的量化研究工具。同时,老年人阅读动机的异质性说明了在公共文化服务中关注老年人特殊需求的必要性,对如何针对老年人的特殊需求开展阅读推广或其他公共文化活动也具有启示作用。

关键词: 老年人, 阅读行为, 阅读动机, 参与动机量表, 特殊群体公共文化服务, 生产性老龄化

Abstract: [Purpose/Significance]Current research on older adults' public cultural services is still sparse, most of which focuses on older adults' information needs while neglect their needs of self-development and self-actualization. Focused on reading and incorporated the theoretical framework of "productive aging", this research explores the intrinsic driving force and heterogeneous motivation of older adults' participation in public cultural services by validating the reasons for participation scale for people aged 50 and above who have participated in public cultural activities.[Design/Methodology]With the reasons for participation scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the reading behaviour and motivation of 394 people aged 50 and above in three universities of the third age. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore their reading motivation. Moreover, logistic regression with robust standard error was conducted to examine the relationships between reading motivation and reading behaviour of the sample and to identify the heterogeneity of older adults' reading motivation.[Findings/Conclusion]There are four dimensions of reading motivation for people aged 50 and above, including achievement and self-actualization, challenge encountering, knowledge acquisition and social interactions. Meanwhile, reading behavior was positively associated with age (OR=1.1987, p=0.009). Besides, reading motivation of people aged 65 and above is heterogeneous. With strictly controlling the fixed effects of each category control variable, our analysis reveals that the reading behaviour of people aged 50 and above is mainly positively influenced by the motivation of "knowledge acquisition" (OR = 1.2681, p=0.046); Reading behaviours of people aged 65 and above were no longer associated with "knowledge acquisition", but negatively correlated with "facing challenges". Specifically, ceteris paribus, the probability of reading for people aged 65 and above reduces by 48.87% (p=0.045) as the score of "facing challenges" increases by one unit. It indicates that people aged 65 and above in China hope to cope with challenges of aging through reading, but they might encounter practical difficulties.[Originality/Value]From the perspective of productive aging, this research validated the reasons for participation scale for the older adults in China, and identified the multi-dimensional motivation of people aged 50 and above, which could provide a new perspective in studying public cultural services for the older adults as well as a reliable tool for future quantitative research. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous reading motivation of the older adults illustrates the necessity of paying attention to the special needs of them in public cultural services. This research also has practical implications for how to carry out reading promotion or other public cultural activities according to the older adults' special needs.

Key words: Old adults, Reading behaviour, Reading motivation, Reason for participation scale, Public cultural service for special groups, Productive aging