图书情报知识 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 125-135.doi: 10.13366/j.dik.2021.04.125

• 知识、学习与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

1987-2016年跨学科知识流动的规律: 一个新的视角“学科势能”

吕海华,李江   

  • 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-08-29

An Investigation of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Flow from 1987 to 2016: A New Perspective of “Disciplinary Potential Energy”

  • Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-08-29

摘要: [目的/意义]学科交叉融合背景下,各个学科之间的知识交流频繁,探究跨学科知识流动的规律,对于学科发展、布局与规划具有重要意义。 [研究设计/方法] 学科势能是科学体系中两个不同学科之间通过引用关系形成的相对位置所确定的势能,能够揭示学科之间知识流动的方向。本文选择Web of Science中1987-2016年的学科类别引用数据作为数据来源,构建63个学科的势能网络,兼顾了学科间知识的直接流动与间接流动,从一个新的视角“学科势能”来区分学科之间的上下游关系,探究跨学科知识流动的规律。[结论/发现] 理工生医领域中,物理学、化学、数学、生物学、临床医学、计算机科学与工程在整个学科体系中处于上游位置,发挥着基础性作用,向其他学科更多地输出知识;社会科学与人文艺术领域中,心理学、社会学、历史学与哲学属于上游学科并且波动较小。[创新/价值]从“学科势能”的视角,考虑了间接引用对学科关系的影响,为跨学科知识流动和跨学科研究的规律揭示提供了一定启示。

关键词: 知识流动, 跨学科, 学科势能, 间接引用, 学科关系

Abstract: [Purpose/Significance]Under the background of interdisciplinary research, there is frequent knowledge flow between various disciplines. Exploring interdisciplinary knowledge flow is of great significance to the development, layout and planning of disciplines. [Design/Methodology]Disciplinary potential energy is the potential energy determined by the relative positions formed by the citation relationship between two different disciplines in the scientific system, which can reveal the directions of interdisciplinary knowledge flow. This article selects the citation data in the Web of Science from 1987 to 2016 as the data source, constructs disciplinary potential energy networks among 63 subjects, takes both direct and indirect knowledge flow among disciplines into consideration, identifies the upstream and downstream relationship between disciplines from a new perspective of disciplinary potential energy, and explores the laws of interdisciplinary knowledge flow.

[Findings/Conclusion]It has been found that physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, clinical medicine, and computer science and engineering are upstream disciplines in the  fields of science, engineering, biology and medicine, playing a fundamental role and exporting more knowledge to other disciplines. In the fields of social sciences, humanities and arts, psychology, sociology, history and philosophy belong to the upstream disciplines with little fluctuation.[Originality/Value]This study uses the concept of “disciplinary potential energy”, takes the impact of indirect citations on disciplinary relationship into consideration, and sheds lights on the laws of interdisciplinary knowledge flow and research.

Key words: Knowledge flow, Interdisciplinary, Disciplinary potential energy, Indirect citation, Disciplinary relationship