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Generative Artificial Intelligence Governance Action Framework:Content Analysis Based on AIGC Incident Report Texts ZHU Yu, CHEN Guanze, LU Yongrong, FAN Wei Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 41-51.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.041 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （431KB）（854）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] The breakthrough of Generative Artificial Intelligence（Generative AI）has led to the explosive growth of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content（AIGC）, which inevitably cause people to be negatively affected by information overload, information noise, information security, and other related issues, making social information governance face new challenges. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the characteristic attributes of AIGC incidents, so as to provide a reference for Generative AI governance in China. [Design/Methodology] Based on AI Incident Database（AIID）and taking AIGC-related incident reports as samples for content analysis, the types, causes, damage objects and countermeasures of existing AIGC incidents were discussed. [Findings/Conclusion] The diversity of the objects affected by AIGC incidents, the wide distribution of the scope, and the complex unknown of the potential harm, result in the resources and capabilities of any single actor not being able to effectively deal with the crisis. It is necessary for actors of government, enterprises and society to form a governance participation model of "diversity + coordination + checks and balances", and to carry out information governance under the action framework of "context-consciousness-action". [Originality/Value] This paper introduces AIID as a case source database, provides an intuitive demonstration of the relevant details of existing AIGC incidents and forms a three-level category framework for AIGC incident analysis through content analysis.The action frame of Generative AI governance formed in this study is helpful to promote the exploration and practice of Generative AI governance from a macro perspective. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on AIGC False Information Problem and Root Cause from the Perspective of Information Quality MO Zuying, PAN Daqing, LIU Huan, ZHAO Yueming Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 32-40.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.032 Abstract （523）      PDF（pc） （530KB）（720）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to analyze the types and characteristics of false information in AIGC,which has a positive role in understanding the root causes of false information and reducing its generation. [Design/Methodology] In this study, the method of data testing experiment was adopted. Based on the perspective of information quality, the types and characteristics of false information generated by AIGC were analyzed through collecting first-hand testing data of AI systems and second-hand false information of AIGC. Further, focusing on the information generation process of artificial intelligence language models, we explored the origins of false information generation in AIGC. [Findings/Conclusion] False information in AIGC mainly consists of two types: factual false information and hallucinatory false information. Factual false information is primarily focused on errors in five aspects: data errors, author and his works errors, errors in objective facts, programming code errors, and machine translation errors. On the other hand, hallucinatory false information is mainly concentrated in the areas of fake news events, false academic information, false health information, and bias and discrimination. The origins of false information in AIGC are related to three factors: large-scale language models, pre-training datasets, and human annotations. [Originality/Value] This study employes a data testing experimental approach, complemented by the collection of second-hand data, comprehensively analyzes various types of false information in AIGC, and divides false information into factual false information and hallucinatory false information based on the generation mechanisms and manifestations, which provides a theoretical foundation for further research on false information in AIGC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of Generative AI like ChatGPT on Digital Literacy Education in University Libraries GONG Furong Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 97-106,156.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.097 Abstract （515）      PDF（pc） （449KB）（814）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to investigate the influencing factors and guiding strategies of Generative AI like ChatGPT on digital literacy education in university libraries, which will provide reference models and case studiesfor the domestic digital literacy education workers in colleges and universities, and facilitate the development of a localized framework for digital literacy in Chinese universities based on artificial intelligence. [Design/Methodology] By employing empirical research methodology, the test paper was designed based on the existing five dimensions of digital literacy, and content analysis of the test answers was conducted in three dimensions: knowledge content, competency, and emotional value. [Findings/Conclusion] We have identified four key characteristics of the knowledge content of digital literacy education within the scope of artificial intelligence, and have summarized the guidance and impact of artificial intelligence tools on students' higher-order thinking skills and emotional value. [Originality/Value] This paper focuses on agranular analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence tools on digital literacy education, and realizes the effect testing and result analysis of digital literacy learning conducted with multiple individuals simultaneously using ChatGPT generative AI tools. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Workflow in the Era of AIGC: Application and Future of Digital Academic Tools from the Perspectives of Collaboration and AI Empowerment WANG Shuyi, ZHANG Qingwei, ZHANG Jin Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 28-38,126.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.028 Abstract （413）      PDF（pc） （417KB）（473）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to examine the selection of software tools in scientific research activities from the perspectives of "collaborative ability" and "AI empowerment", and propose suggestions for constructing scientific research workflows. [Design/Methodology] Based on the scientific research process, through website surveys and user feedback, we collected information of scientific research tools considering their functional characteristics and user evaluations. Using collaborative ability and AI empowerment as criteria, we compared and selected mainstream scientific research tools. [Findings/Conclusion] There are significant differences in the collaborative abilities of different scientific research software applications, as well as in the degree to which these softwares are integrated with AIGC technology. By constructing optimized workflows through screening scientific research tools, more effective collaboration can be achieved among different stages of scientific research processes, devices, and users to enhance knowledge management and production efficiency of researchers. [Originality/Value] This study provides references for the software choices of researchers and promotes more excellent research tools selected to collaborate in scientific research and improve AIGC capabilities and the overall efficiency of research activities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Digital Inclusion: A Review of English Literature FU Xiwen, HUANG Siya Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 99-110,121.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.099 Abstract （328）      PDF（pc） （430KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Digital inclusion has become an important topic in the study of digital governance.This paper reviews the English literature on digital inclusion to provide a reference for domestic research and practice. [Design/Methodology] In this paper, 106 relevant English literatures were retrieved in the Web of Science database from 2010 to January 1,2022.Through integrating and evaluating these literatures by content analysis method, the distribution of research topics and shortcomings of these research were revealed and the future research direction was proposed. [Findings/Conclusion] The research topics of digital inclusion in English literature focus on the connotation, the influencing factors, the content and effect of practice, as well as the reflection and improvement of practice. There are some problems in the existing researches, such as oversimplified connotation, vague mechanism of occurrence, lack of effect research and insufficient operable improvement path. It is suggested that domestic research should strengthen the theoretical and empirical research on digital inclusion based on local reality from a multidisciplinary perspective. [Originality/Value] A relatively complete knowledge system of digital inclusion is proposed in this paper, providing references for the study and practice in the field of digital inclusion in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review on Policy Text Research: From Content Computation to Function Comprehension HU Jiming Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 145-152.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.145 Abstract （307）      PDF（pc） （331KB）（191）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] The purpose of this paper is to systematically summarize and refine the research themes and directions of policy text from the perspective of content mining . It will benefit to grasp trend and promote innovation of policy text research. [Design/Methodology] Taking domestic and foreign research articles as samples, a systematic review was conducted to elaborate the research advances of policy texts, and the key points of follow-up development were looked forward on the basis of the assessment. [Findings/Conclusion] Driven by the research on policy quantification and informatics based on multidisciplinary integration, the computational science system of policy text research has gradually developed. Meanwhile,with the support of big data, deep learning and artificial intelligence, research on computing and sematic mining of policy text has been continuously deepened. And the research on text function comprehension and inference also rises further and has received more attention.The research system of policy text is supported on multiple levels by theory, methodology and technology. Research on its internal logic and social application will be strengthened. [Originality/Value] This paper summaries the advance of policy research on the level of text content and reveals the current themes and development directions of policy development directions.This will further enrich the theoretical and practical system of policy research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Landscape of Social Science in the Era of Large Language Models XIE Tian, QIU Lin, LI Yutong, LUO Yin, LIU Pan Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 6-9,30.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.006 Abstract （297）      PDF（pc） （266KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save Large language models（such as GPT）have brought unprecedented breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence. In this article, we briefly introduce large language models, and illustrate how such models have been applied in each stage of social science research, including literature review, theory formation, research design, data collection, and data analysis. We envision new research paradigms brought by large language models, and new challenges faced by social science researchers. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Features, Theoretical Framework and Research Prospects of AI-enabled Surrogate Information Searching: A Sociotechnical System Paradigm SONG Xiaokang, ZHAO Yuxiang, SONG Shijie, ZHU Qinghua Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 111-121.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.111 Abstract （283）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] ChatGPT is an application upgrade of AI generated content（AIGC）, which can act as a social actor to help users search for and generate their required information. This paper aims to summarize and prospect the features and theoretical framework of AI-enabled surrogate information searching. [Design/Methodology] Firstly, by combing the development process of surrogate information searching, this paper analyzes the connotation and characteristics of AI-enabled surrogate information searching. Then, based on the paradigm of sociotechnical system,we explore the theoretical framework of AI-enabled surrogate information searching. [Findings/Conclusion] It is found that the AI-enabled surrogate information searching is based on a ternary relationship group of "information demanders - AI algorithms - online information resources", which achieves the acquisition, integration, and presentation of informationthrough human-AI collaboration.This paper constructs a theoretical framework of AI-enabled surrogate information searching from four aspects: technology, information, users, and social culture. It also points out that the possible future research directions include trust and information credibility research, user adoption and user experience research, application research under the scenarios of information services and knowledge supply, and user algorithm literacy education research,etc. [Originality/Value] The research on AI-enabled surrogate information searching can help enrich the theory of user information behavior and information services in the era of digital intelligence and provide reference for future research and practice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Free Exploration or Organized Research: Connotation, Types and Characteristics of Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration ZENG Yueliang, SI Li Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 81-91,51.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.081 Abstract （267）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（170）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Systematic analysis of the connotation, types and characteristics of interdisciplinary research collaboration will provide reference for related practice and theoretical research and better promote knowledge innovation. [Design/Methodology] Adopting the method of literature analysis and network survey, this paper analyzes the concepts of interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary research and research collaboration, puts forward the connotation of interdisciplinary research collaboration, and summarizes its types. [Findings/Conclusion] From the perspective of organizational structure and operation, in the current research environment, interdisciplinary research collaboration can be divided into three types according to the motivation and scale of the collaboration, namely, individual demand-driven collaboration, research project-based collaboration, and collaboration within the organization of interdisciplinary research entities. Each of these types has different characteristics and application scenarios. Combined with the "Organized Research" strategy, the study assumes that individual demand-driven collaboration highlights the characteristics of free exploration and is a basis and flexible mode of independent innovation for researchers, however, in terms of organizational management and effectiveness guarantee, the research project-based collaboration and collaboration within organizations of interdisciplinary research entities are more in line with the complicated trends of scientific research and the needs of social development in the new era. [Originality/Value] The basic theoretical analysis of interdisciplinary research collaboration in this paper will lay the foundation for its further in-depth research and organizational management practices. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Narrative Expression, Media Presentation and Practical Path of Digital Humanities from the Perspective of Gamification Narratives LIU Ke, LIU Rui Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 118-126.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.118 Abstract （262）      PDF（pc） （480KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper analyzes the current status of digital humanities projects in China in terms of the number and content, and explores the driving and reforming effect of gamification narratives on digital humanities, as well as the feasibility of applying gamification narratives to digital humanities. [Design/Methodology] Based on teasing out the concept and core elements of gamification narratives, this paper elucidated gamification narratives in digital humanities projects with case analysis from two dimensions of narrative expression and media presentation. [Findings/Conclusion] The paper puts forward the practical path of gamification narratives in digital humanities from four aspects: mining characteristic cultural genes, constructing open narrative text, improving feedback loops in platforms, and designing multi-media matrix. [Originality/Value] Gamification narratives provide a new perspective for digital humanities projects development, and enrich the development concepts and methods of current digital humanities projects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application Scenarios, Risk Challenges and Regulatory Pathways of Generative Intelligent Publishing ZHANG Xinxin, HUANG Ruhua Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 77-86,27.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.077 Abstract （262）      PDF（pc） （429KB）（330）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] The emergence of ChatGPT and its generative AI technology has given rise to a new industry of generative intelligent publishing. The multidimensional exploration on generative intelligent publishing can reveal its application scenarios, risk challenges, and regulatory paths. [Design/Methodology] Based on the technical application principles and application characteristics of generative AI technology, this study explores the application scenarios, risk challenges, and regulatory paths of generative intelligent publishing. [Findings/Conclusion] The application scenarios of generative intelligent publishing include five categories: publishing big data and large language models, dimensional development of intelligent knowledge services, intelligent robots in the field of intelligent decision-making publishing, generative intelligent publication, and new business formats of metaverse publishing.Generative intelligent publishing faces challenges in data source and data output, academic ethical norms, adherence to core values, and substitution of human occupations, etc. In view of these challenges,corresponding regulatory paths are proposed from the perspective of regulation and governance. [Originality/Value] In the face of the digital age empowered by generative AI technology, it is of great significance to explore its enabling role and deep impact on publishing for promoting the high-quality development and modernization of publishing. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Exploratory Study of Digital Reverse Mentoring Based on Grounded Theory from the Youth’s Perspective SHENG Manyu, WANG Jun, ZHU Xixi, ZHANG Pengyi Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 52-61.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.052 Abstract （249）      PDF（pc） （386KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper introduces the "Informatics Moments" into the scenario of family, dedicating to explore the mechanism of digital reverse mentoring, and providing suggestions for bridging the digital divide and promoting intergenerational interactions.[Design/Methodology] Twenty college students were recruited for interviews to examine the specific process of teaching their parents to use digital devices and the data analysis was conducted using the grounded theory. [Findings/Conclusion] The triggering mechanism, specific behavior and results of digital reverse mentoring are revealed. The difficulties and their solutions in the process are pointed out. [Originality/Value] This paper is no longer limited to explore the influencing factors, but deeply study the specific elements and their relationships of digital reverse mentoring, and constructs a model of digital reverse mentoring mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Data Element Markets at Home and Abroad: A Systematic Literature Review WANG Xue, XIA Yikun, PEI Lei Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 117-128.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.117 Abstract （244）      PDF（pc） （402KB）（298）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] A systematic review of data element market literature at home and abroad helps to deeply understand the structural composition and operational framework of data element market, grasp its key issues and main ideas, and reveal the current research progress and weaknesses, so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for strengthening the construction of data element market in China. [Design/Methodology] Adopting the bibliometric analysis method and taking the literature related to the topic of data element market in Web of Science and CNKI as the analysis object, based on keyword co-occurrence and its temporal clustering, this paper analyzes the basic theory of data element market construction, operation mechanism and main viewpoints on the development of data trading institutions at home and abroad in conjunction with the text content. [Findings/Conclusion] Research shows that "data element market" is a hot issue of academic research at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the concept system of data elements, the core issues such as operation of the data element market and data trading platforms. Overall, the research is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there is no consensus on research involving data property rights, pricing, and regulation. The systematic and in-depth study of China's data element market still needs to be improved. [Originality/Value] This paper systematically sorts out the research progress of data element market at home and abroad, summarizes the research characteristics and development direction, which provides a reference for further research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Artificial Intelligence and Scholarly Publishing Niels Peter Thomas Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 6-9.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.006 Abstract （231）      PDF（pc） （1137KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save The history of publishing can be seen as a history of publishing innovation. From the invention of the codex book form, the printing press, until digitization of book content, some innovations had huge impact on the development of human mankind. Has Artificial Intelligence（AI）the same potential to be a game changer in the future course of the publishing industry? When we analyze past developments and innovations, we can clearly see that many innovations in the past had intended consequences, but many also had consequences that were neither foreseen during the development process, not intended. Understanding that, we are looking at benefits of using AI techniques within academic publishing, but also at potential risks and downsides that can potentially harm the distribution with new, accurate, and relevant knowledge. We come to the conclusion that currently the benefits seem to outweigh the potential risk, but keeping in mind that innovation may also have unforeseen consequences, we need rules and guidelines in the process of integrating AI methods into the publishing process. These guidelines should include four principles: "Transparency", "Experiments", "End Goal" and "Participation". Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The High Quality Development for Information Resources Management in the New Era: The Minutes of the Forum on the Development of Information Resources Management in China（2023） HU Zhiwei, LI Yang, KANG Lele, PEI Lei Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 6-15.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.006 Abstract （226）      PDF（pc） （487KB）（736）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 0-0.   Abstract （224）      PDF（pc） （3773KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Offspring’s Education, Feedback Paths and the Digital Access Divide of the Elderly LI Yunqiu, LI Si Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 62-71.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.062 Abstract （217）      PDF（pc） （399KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to study the relationship between offspring's education level, digital feedback paths and the digital access divide of the elderly, to propose strategies and recommendations to bridge the digital access divide of the elderly, so as to promote the integration of the elderly into the digital society. [Design/Methodology] Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies（CFPS）, the matching samples of offspring and parents were screened, logistic regression and mediation effect analysis models were constructed, and then the method of propensity score matching was used to overcome endogenous problems. [Findings/Conclusion] It is found that parents whose offspring have junior college education or the education level higher than junior college, are more likely to receive intergenerational support resources then cross the digital access divide. Offspring's education level is particularly important for families in which parents both have digital access gap. The offspring's education level can influence the digital access divide of the parents through three paths: digital device feedback, digital skill feedback and digital concept feedback, which improve the digital access dilemma of the elderly who "unaffordable to access", "unable to access" and "unwilling to access" respectively. Among them, digital skill feedback is the most important mediating mechanism, followed by digital concept feedback, with digital device feedback being the least impact as a mediating mechanism. Accordingly, strategic suggestions are proposed to bridge the digital access divide of the elderly. [Originality/Value] From the perspective of intergenerational support, this paper focuses on digital access inequality of the elderly caused by different level of offspring's education, which provides practical ideas for bridging the digital access divide of the elderly. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Using "Specialized Databases" as a Method: Reimagining Digital Humanities and Its Development Trends in the AI Era XIAO Peng Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 16-27.   Abstract （217）      PDF（pc） （471KB）（176）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] The purpose of this paper is to strengthen the foundational theoretical research and critical discourse of digital humanities, and provide better support for the research and practice in digital humanities. [Design/Methodology] Based on self-constructed dataset and interview materials, this paper employs grounded theory and qualitative analysis methods. [Findings/Conclusion] Beyond being a collection of "resource/data", the other five new characteristics of specialized databases within the scope of digital humanities are revealed: instrumentality, problem-solving nature, experiential quality, social dimension, and stability. The paper also identifies the unique engineering traits, media attributes, material dimensions, and ecological components of digital humanities as a field. Finally, based on the theoretical framework of "engineering-media-material-ecology", this paper analyzes the impact of AI on digital humanities, and proposes to focus on the restructuring of digital humanities working patterns in the AI context, carefully consider the media characteristics of digital humanities in the AI era, be aware of the deepening of digital infrastructure divide, and establish digital humanities ecological rules tailored to AI. [Originality/Value] The specialized databases essentially serve as an interface connecting the humanities community with technological trends, forming the cornerstone for bridging humanities critique and technological transformation. Drawing from recent thoughts on "XX as a method", this paper utilizes "specialized databases" as a method to establish a "bottom-up" theoretical framework for understanding and reimagining the digital humanities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Triple Vision of the Role of Urban Libraries in Public Cultural Space HONG Fanglin, GONG Jiaoteng Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 19-31.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.019 Abstract （209）      PDF（pc） （521KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Urban library is the basic unit of public cultural space governance, and its role orientation guides the action direction of the new library construction, renovation (expansion) of space and the socialized expression of its space value [Design/Methodology] Using the methods of qualitative text analysis, deduction and induction, literature and network survey, this paper examines the role orientation of urban libraries in the public cultural space from the three dimensions of policy arrangement, practical needs and public expectation. [Findings/Conclusion] The national cultural governance policy points to the shift of urban libraries from "participants" to "leaders", from "user center" to "social intervention", and from "people center" to "high-quality development". The industry practice requires urban libraries to become the constructors of the city's public "justice space", the cultivators of "resilience space" and the providers of "development space". The public expects the urban libraries to provide emotional healing, ubiquitous interconnection and inclusive public cultural space. In order to fully participate in the construction of public cultural space, urban libraries should refine the spatial value integration system through brand building, improve the spatial collaborative governance framework through mechanism innovation, and reshape the spatial cultural scene through integration of digital and real scene. [Originality/Value] From the perspective of national public cultural space, this paper examines and clarifies the action direction of urban library space construction and service, and provides a multi-dimensional examination framework for spatial transformation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Survey Report on MLIS Program Development in China（2022） DUAN Yufeng, SHANG Duxin Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 52-60.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.052 Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （322KB）（158）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] In 2022, the Education Steering Committee Secretariat of MLIS has conducted the tenth survey of national MLIS education development status, which aims to reveal the current status and development trend of MLIS education in China. [Design/Methodology] This study investigated MLIS education institutions to collect the data about faculty, enrolment, cultivation and employment through questionnaires, and demonstrated the status of development of MLIS education by comparing with historical data. [Findings/Conclusion] The survey report of 75 MLIS training institutions indicates a stable and rapid development of the MLIS education in China, which is demonstrated by the steady growing number of faculty, small drop in enrolment numbers, the optimistic employment situation of graduates, and the increasing standardization of the set of curriculum system, the construction of educational resource and the management of culturing process of each training unit. [Originality/Value] The reports on the development of MLIS education in China have been consecutively published for ten years. Compared with previous surveys, this survey report additionally extracted the main content of "Basic Requirements for Professional Dissertation of Master of Library and Information Science". Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Academic Literature Data Sets Towards the AI Era: Characteristics and Development Direction ZHANG Tongyang, WANG Chuhan, YU Chao, XU Jian Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 39-49.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.039 Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （435KB）（220）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Driven by the application development of artificial intelligence technologies, academic literature datasets are playing an increasingly important role in the field of scientometrics. Developing from traditional data collections oriented to information supply to knowledge resources that assist in knowledge discovery and relationship network construction nowadays, every aspect of the function of data sets have been greatly improved, which in turn provides support for expanding the depth and breadth of research in scientometrics. [Design/Methodology] The article uses journal articles published by Scientometrics in 2016-2020 as the data source. Through the analysis of the data sets usage records of scientometrics research, the overall use of the data sets is summarized, and the relationship between the usage popularity of the data sets and the number of documents is explored. In terms of typical data sets that have been frequently used, the article specifically analyzes their characteristics, explores the impact of artificial intelligence technology on datasets and looks forward to its future construction direction. [Findings / Conclusion] There is a certain positive correlation between the usage frequency of datasets and their collection volume, the same study tends to cross use multiple datasets, and the relationship between scientometrics research and artificial intelligence technology is getting increasingly close. [Originality/Value] The purpose of this study is to summarize the construction and development rules of data sets in recent years by analyzing the striking features of data sets used in scientometrics related papers, so as to provide references for the selection of data sets for scientometrics research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Technical Principles and Process Innovations of Generative Intelligent Publishing ZHANG Xinxin, DING Jingjia Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 68-76.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.068 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（548）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to explore how generative artificial intelligence（AI）technology empowers the publishing industry to form the principles and process innovations of generative intelligent publishing. Based on the categorical structure of analytical intelligent publishing and generative intelligent publishing, this study investigates the issues of process innovations of generative intelligent publishing in four aspects of content production, content review, intelligent printing, and intelligent marketing. [Design/Methodology] From the perspective of ChatGPT, this study analyzes the ontological attribute definitions of ChatGPT in three aspects: generative AI, cognitive intelligence, and artificial general intelligence.It reveals three key technical principles: massive data advantage, reinforcement learning algorithm advantage, and continuous supercomputing power advantage. Finally, it discusses the process innovations of intelligent publishing based on generative AI. [Findings/Conclusion] The implications of generative AI in the publishing process innovations include the transition from professional generated content to AI generated content, the transition from manual editing to human-machine collaborative intelligent editing, to innovations in printing scenarios such as on-demand printing and intelligent printing factories based on generative AI, and to changes in marketing data, capabilities, efficiency and quality based on generative AI. [Originality/Value] This paper defines the ontological results of generative AI, cognitive intelligence and artificial general intelligence stages for the products of optimizing language models for dialogue represented by ChatGPT. It proposes new characteristics, new laws and new ideas for generative intelligent publishing in the stages of planning, editing, printing and distribution and expands the research scope of digital publishing and intelligent publishing to some extent. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Return Data to People: Build a Public Data Operation Mechanism LIU Zhi, YU Shiyang Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 50-57.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.050 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （374KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Public data operation has increasingly become one of the key focuses of promoting the reform of data elements, and it is crucial to build a scientific and reasonable institutional system. [Design/Methodology] This article summarizes the five key issues faced in public data operation work, using the guiding ideology of "returning data to people" and analyzing and researching from the perspectives of developers, applications, collaborators, contributors, and regulators. [Findings/Conclusion] This paper proposes a data authorization model combining unified and decentralized management, a continuous rolling data source activation mechanism, a cross-level and cross-regional data coordination mechanism, a data revenue distribution mechanism of comprehensive regulation, and a data operation supervision mechanism of collaborative governance. [Originality/Value] The institutional design ideas proposed in this article play an important role in improving the institutional system of public data operation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Constructing Integrated Urban Public Reading Space from the Perspective of the Theory of Scenes TANG Cheng, LIU Xiaoxia, WANG Chunying Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 10-18,31.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.010 Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （510KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to add a new theoretical perspective for understanding,interpretation and construction of integrated urban publicreading space. [Design/Methodology] The literature research and case analysis methods were used to analyze the relevance of the theory of scenes from the Chicago School of urban studies to the integrated urban public reading spaces and the applicability of this theory to such spaces. [Findings/Conclusion] The theory of scenes and urban public reading spaces have been coupled in the aspects of urban development, dimensional analysis,facility combination and cultural database. Different combinations of bookstores, cafes, art galleries, museums, gymnasiums, tourist attractions, etc. with urban public reading spaces reflect different dimensions in the theory of scenes. Under the perspective of this theory, city managers should focus on meeting the needs of cultural values of citizens, follow the principles of integration, aesthetics, convenience, comfort, localism and interaction, and plan and construct urban public reading spaces like setting up theatrical scenes. [Originality/Value] The new analytical perspective and theoretical framework emphasize the interaction and correlation between urban public reading spaces, urban development and human development, providing new ideas for the construction of integrated urban public reading spaces. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A New Approach for Information Resources Management Empowered by Data Intelligence: The Concept, Connotation and Development of Instruction Engineering LU Wei, WANG Lei, CHENG Qikai, LIU Jiawei, HUANG Yong Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2024, 41 (1): 6-11.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2024.01.006 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （302KB）（330）       Knowledge map    Save The emerging wave of scientific revolution and industrial transformation is burgeoning, with technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence exerting a profound impact on the information resources management discipline. Under the background of large language models（LLMs）, instruction engineering guides the generation of model results through high-quality, systematic and procedural instruction design, which is an important approach to efficiently leverage the capabilities of LLMs and can be applied to resolve discipline-related issues. This article firstly introduces the concept of instruction engineering, and then thoroughly analyzes the constituent elements and design patterns of instructions, as well as the features and significance of instruction engineering. We also discuss the construction path of instruction engineering empowered information resources management. In the future, research and development in instruction engineering should focus on the construction of both general and domain-specific instruction engineering, standardization, intellectual property protection, security and systematic testing and assessment, aiming to enable instructions to effectively demonstrate their efficacy in complex application scenarios across various industries. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influencing Mechanism of User Satisfaction of Mobile Government APPs Based on ISM-MICMAC Model CHEN Ting, ZHU Yongdi, DUAN Yaoqing Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 134-144.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.134 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （495KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to clarify the influencing mechanism of user satisfaction for mobile government APPs, provide improvement suggestions for the sound development of mobile government APPs, and help enhance the people's sense of fulfillment and the government's capacity for governance. [Design/Methodology] From the perspective of perceived value, the method of content analysis was used to summarize the influencing factors of user satisfaction from the negative comments of users on mobile government APPs. The Explanatory Structure Model（ISM）was used to reveal the hierarchical relationship among factors, and the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification Model（MICMAC）was used to explain and verify these relationships. [Findings/Conclusion] A total of 22 influencing factors on user satisfaction of mobile government Apps in three dimensions of perceived functional value, perceived interaction value and perceived risk value were determined.According to the ISM model, 22 factors were divided into three levels: surface, middle and bottom,and these influencing factors were further divided into three groups: independent, autonomous and dependent based on MICMAC. [Originality/Value] This paper reveals the influencing mechanism of user satisfaction for mobile government APPs, enriches the specific content and application field of the theory of perceived value, and provides effective suggestions for the development of mobile government. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Effect of Information Cues on User Satisfaction in Knowledge Payment Context LI Tingting, ZHOU Shasha, CHEN Yuangao, YANG Shuiqing Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 127-136.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.127 Abstract （177）      PDF（pc） （368KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to determine whether and how information cues affect knowledge consumers' post-purchase satisfaction in different payment modes. [Design/Methodology] A research model based on two theories, namely cue diagnosticity and cognitive dissonance was proposed, and 2,630 pieces of live information collected from Zhihu Live were analyzed to test the research model by combining multiple regression and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis（fsQCA）. [Findings/Conclusion] （1）Description text length, duration, number of reviews, and reputation of knowledge provider positively affect consumer satisfaction, while product price negatively affects consumer satisfaction;（2）Information cues in the paid mode have stronger impact on consumer satisfaction than those in the free membership mode;（3）In free membership mode, there are two kinds of configuration paths that trigger consumer satisfaction: price insensitive and high price preference, and there are three kinds of configuration paths in paid mode: price insensitive, low price preference and high price preference. [Originality/Value] The results of this study provides reference for knowledge providers to better present information cues under different payment modes and also provides enlightenment for knowledge platforms to improve operation mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Security Governance of Cross-Border Data Flow Under the Holistic View of National Security XU Yongjun, WANG Xingguang Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 20-30.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.020 Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] In the information age with accelerated reconstruction of the global pattern, economic globalization and network globalization are advancing in depth, giving rise to the practice of increasingly frequent cross-border data flow. Strengthening the security governance of cross-border data flow is the proper meaning of implementing the holistic view of national security and promoting the modernization of national security systems and capabilities for China. [Design/Methodology] Using literature research, policy text analysis, case studies and other methods, this research deeply explored the practical difficulties and coping strategies faced by China's cross-border data flow security governance. [Findings/Conclusion] The real dilemmas of China's cross-border data flow security governance are manifested in: the merger of multiple laws, discrete supervision, complex risks and jurisdictional conflicts. Guided by the holistic view of national security, the action strategies to promote the security governance of cross-border data flow include: adhere to the concept of bottom line security, and improve the legal regulation system of cross-border data flow; utilize the concept of common security, and coordinate the security supervision of cross-border data flow; use the concept of overall security, and improve the efficiency of risk management and control of cross-border data flow; practice the concept of international security, and contribute Chinese solutions to global data security governance. [Originality/Value] It points out the practical approach for China to prevent and resolve the non-traditional security risks caused by disorderly cross-border flow of data and strengthen the security governance of cross-border data flow under the background of China's comprehensive implementation of the holistic view of national security. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current Advances of Time Series Analysis in Information Science: Tasks, Processes and Problems CHEN Guo, WANG Kaiyue Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 89-97,116.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.089 Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （357KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to examine the current research progress in time series analysis within the field of information science and provide a comprehensive overview of common challenges, ultimately serving as a valuable reference for the advancement of modeling and prediction in information science research. [Design/Methodology] This study summarizes the application tasks, research processes and prevalent issues pertaining to time series analysis in information science research, specifically focusing on tasks, processes and problems. [Findings/Conclusion] The findings reveal that, in terms of tasks, existing research has successfully applied time series analysis in various scenarios such as subject theme evolution, academic influence evaluation, network sentiment analysis, and technology trend analysis. The application scope predominantly encompasses historical evolution and future prediction. Regarding the research processes, existing studies primarily follow a sequential order encompassing time series data selection, time segmentation methods, morphological pattern mining, prediction and evaluation. In terms of problems, future research should prioritize the development of time series models for short sequences and enhance the evaluation of time series analysis outcomes. [Originality/Value] Through a comprehensive review, this paper provides a comprehensive overview and reference for researchers in the field by systematically summarizing current research on time series analysis in information science through a comprehensive compendium. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Food Safety Risk Early Warning Mechanism Based on Multi-source Data Fusion and Correlation Analysis RUAN Xiaoxing, JIN Xin, WU Yan Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 148-156.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.148 Abstract （166）      PDF（pc） （413KB）（187）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study intends to study the single point early warning mechanism based on the fusion of multi-source data and the diffusion early warning mechanism based on correlation analysis to improve the food safety risk early warning and efficiently promote innovation in food safety supervision. [Design/Methodology] This paper firstly uses multi-layer perceptron and word vector model to learn and fuse multi-source data to achieve single point early warning decision-making for the currently sampled business subjects. In addition, correlation analysis is adopted to diffuse the warning information according to the structured relationship between business subjects, in order to achieve real-time early warning decision-making for business subjects related to the currently sampled business subjects. [Findings/Conclusion] By using the decision-making mechanisms of single point early warning and diffusion early warning, the risk warning level can be accurately located, and the early warning can be diffused, thus creat the basic conditions for the establishment of a real-time early warning regulatory mechanism and a closed-loop management mechanism for early warning disposal. [Originality/Value] The single point early warning mechanism can efficiently integrate information from many different sources to realize precise single point early warning; the diffusion early warning mechanism can automate the diffusion from single point to multiple points early warning based on correlation analysis, realizing efficient early warning from point to surface. On the whole, the early warning mechanism proposed in this paper can improve the efficiency and quality of food safety supervision. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Annual Contents 2023 Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 149-152.   Abstract （165）      PDF（pc） （232KB）（224）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Reconstruction of Trust Mechanism in Academic Publishing Under the Intervention of AIGC in Knowledge Production WANG Pengtao, XU Runjie Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 87-96.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.087 Abstract （164）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] On the purpose of ensuring academic publications in which AIGC participates continue to gain the trust of the academic community and promoting the implementation of scenario-oriented application of artificial intelligence in the field of academic publishing, this paper explores the reconstruction of trust mechanism under the intervention of AIGC technology such as ChatGPT in knowledge production. [Design/Methodology] This paper analyzes the coupling between AIGC technology and knowledge production from the perspective of academic knowledge production cycle, identifies the trust crisis caused by the intervention of AIGC technology, and explores the theoretical model and practical path of trust mechanism in academic publishing. [Findings/Conclusion]Under the intervention of AIGC technology, the construction of academic publishing trust requires the three-dimensional collaboration of technical trust, interpersonal trust and institutional trust, and the "chain of responsibility" paradigm is adopted to mobilize the participation of technology developers, researchers, publishing institutions, associations, government and other subjects. [Originality/Value] In the face of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology wave, this paper discusses the evolution direction and the specific work of the construction subjects of the trust mechanism in academic publishing, so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for promoting the healthy ecosystem of academic publishing and realizing the industrial upgrading by grasping the dividends of artificial intelligence technology. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Developing an Evaluation Index System and Its Testing Questions for Government Intelligent Q&A Systems WANG Fang, WEI Zhonghan, LIAN Zhixuan Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 98-111.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.098 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （439KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] Intelligent question and answer（Q&A）system is becoming an important facility for public services delivery. The purpose of this study is to promote the construction of government intelligent Q&A systems by evaluation, and reduce the administrative burden of citizens. [Design/Methodology] Firstly, based on literature research, theoretical analysis and case study, an evaluation indicator system for government intelligent Q&A system was constructed, and the indicator weight was determined by expert survey and AHP method. Secondly, a testing question set for problem solving quality was developed based on the hot consultation issues. Finally, 30 provincial government Q&A systems in China were evaluated with the indicator system and the matched questions. [Findings/Conclusion] The evaluation index system of government intelligent question and answering system includes three dimensions, namely, the quality of problem solving, the quality of service interaction, and the quality of infrastructure construction, as well as 18 refined indicators, such as the rate of high-frequency question answering, the rate of synonymous question answering, and the number of interactions. The testing question set includes five categories of questions: high-frequency, synonymous, error, ellipsis, and English ones. The practical evaluation proves the usability and effectiveness of the indicator system and testing questions set. [Originality/Value] This study constructs an evaluation index system for government intelligent Q&A systems from the perspective of reducing administrative burden, compiles testing question sets using text mining technique, and proves their usability through an actual evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Design of Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Information Resources Management Under the New Liberal Arts PAN Yuchen, HU Wei, YANG Jianliang, XU Lu, LU Xiaobin Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 42-51, 67.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.042 Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （322KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This study aims to explore the design principles and strategies of the artificial intelligence curriculum system in the discipline of information resources management. It seeks to innovatively integrate AI knowledge and methods into the teaching system of information management to promote educational reform in the field of information management under the context of New Liberal Arts. [Design/Methodology] Through literature review, as well as the investigation of curriculum plans and course descriptions in different colleges of iSchools, this study proposes and discusses the prioritization and dynamic standards of designing an AI curriculum system based on disciplinary specificity. [Findings/Conclusion] The research argues that the construction of AI curriculum system in the discipline of information resources management should follow the principles of differentiation, dynamism and applicability. In terms of teaching practice, it suggests the establishment of a customized curriculum content system, teaching methodology system and assessment management system specifically tailored to AI courses for information management majors. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to deeply integrate the AI knowledge system with the existing course clusters in information management. [Originality/Value] Combining the cutting-edge development in the field of information resources management, this study provides a general approach and exemplar for the design of an undergraduate AI curriculum system in this discipline. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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When We Talk About Data Sovereignty：From a Literature Review LIU Yan Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 31-41.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.06.031 Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] The purpose of this study is to delineate the domestic and international research landscape of data sovereignty, achieve a broad consensus on the understanding of data sovereignty, eliminate existing or potential misunderstandings and misuse related to data sovereignty, and uncover current research limitations while proposing pathways for future research. [Design/Methodology] Employing content analysis method, the study designs a research framework for textual analysis that spans from the evolution of concepts to connotations, values, subjects, powers, and applications. It compiles data sovereignty literature from both domestic and international sources, showcasing the academic community's level of understanding regarding data sovereignty. [Findings/Conclusion] Data sovereignty is often intertwined with control and governance of data flow. Historically, the academic community has exhibited a strong sense of sovereignty awareness and acute risk perception, and attaches great importance to cyber security. However, this has also revealed issues such as limited theoretical research, simplistic risk exploration, and difficulties in implementing security recommendations. There is a need to delve deeper into the legal exploration of data sovereignty, investigate the inherent logic of its risks, and thoroughly study solutions and strategies for its security development. [Originality/Value] By reviewing data sovereignty research from domestic and international sources, this study preliminarily defines the concept of data sovereignty and the primary concerns when discussing it. Building upon the summary of current research deficiencies, it proposes directions for future research enhancement. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Meeting Minutes of China Information Science Annual Meeting & Information Science and Service Development Forum（2022） JIA Shiwei, CHEN Huitong Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 153-160.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.153 Abstract （152）      PDF（pc） （363KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Empirical Study on the Spillover Effects of Online Services Provided by Primary Doctors Under the Dual-channel Mode LIU Yifan, HAO Zhe, ZHANG Tong, YANG Wanqi, ZHANG Xiaofei Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (5): 137-147.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.05.137 Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （473KB）（163）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] In the traditional mode of diagnosis and treatment, the primary doctors have little chance to practice diagnosis and treatment and contact the complicated patients, so their service level is difficult to improve. Online Health Communities（OHCs）, as a supplement of offline medical services, provides a new platform for the primary doctors to improve their offline service quality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of online services of primary doctors on their offline medical service quality. [Design/Methodology] Based on the Spillover Effect theory, this study draws on the primary doctors of "Good Doctor Online" as the research participants and constructs a theoretical model to explore how online services（paid-knowledge sharing and free-knowledge sharing） influence offline service quality. [Findings/conclusion] The research findings show that paid-sharing and free-sharing activities inonline health communities can improve the quality of primary doctors' offline services. Both offline title and online reputation of primary doctors positively moderate the relationship between online service and offline service quality. [Originality/Value] Our study enriches the current research on spillover effect in healthcare field and the empowerment of online health communities for primary medical institutions. Combined with the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy in China, it also provides practical implications for improving the service capabilities of primary medical and health institutions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 0-0.   Abstract （149）      PDF（pc） （4913KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Viewership in Paid Q&A Communities: An Information Foraging Perspective QIN Fen, GUO Hailing Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (4): 122-133,152.   DOI: 10.13366/j.dik.2023.04.122 Abstract （148）      PDF（pc） （631KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save [Purpose/Significance] This paper focuses on the influencing factors of the users paying to view existing answers in the paid Q&A communities , to help understand the psychology of users to pay for existing answers and the behavior patterns of answers and questioners, optimize the product design of community operators. [Design/Methodology] Drawing on the information foraging theory and related literature, we proposed a model and hypotheses.Using 14,167 samples from the three fields of health care, finance and Internet information in Weibo Q&A, and generalized linear regression method（GLM）, we verified the influence mechanism of each factor on users' payment for existing answers. [Findings/Conclusion] The question price and the level of detail of the question have a positive impact on the number of viewership of existing answers; there are more viewership on questions in the field of Internet information than viewership on questions in the fields of health care and finance, but the average number of questions answered by answerers in the field of Internet information is less than that in the other two fields; The likability of the answerers in the health care field does not positively affect the number of viewership; the emotions reflected in the question description is important in the field of health care, positive emotions positively affect the number of viewership, and negative emotions negatively affect the number of viewership. [Originality/Value] Our findings enrich current research about the influence of question characteristics（including emotion characteristics and question types）on users' payment for existing answers, and provide reference for designing paid Q&A products. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Documentation, Informaiton & Knowledge    2023, 40 (6): 0-0.   Abstract （145）      PDF（pc） （117KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）